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001     207211
005     20250730145708.0
024 7 _ |a 10.1038/ncomms4762
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100 1 _ |a Decker, F.-J.
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245 _ _ |a Few-Femtosecond Time-Resolved Measurements of X-ray Free-Electron Lasers
260 _ _ |a London
|c 2014
|b Nature Publishing Group
336 7 _ |a Journal Article
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336 7 _ |a ARTICLE
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500 _ _ |a (c) Macmillan Publishers Limited. Post referee full text in progress.
520 _ _ |a X-ray free-electron lasers, with pulse durations ranging from a few to several hundred femtoseconds, are uniquely suited for studying atomic, molecular, chemical and biological systems. Characterizing the temporal profiles of these femtosecond X-ray pulses that vary from shot to shot is not only challenging but also important for data interpretation. Here we report the time-resolved measurements of X-ray free-electron lasers by using an X-band radiofrequency transverse deflector at the Linac Coherent Light Source. We demonstrate this method to be a simple, non-invasive technique with a large dynamic range for single-shot electron and X-ray temporal characterization. A resolution of less than 1 fs root mean square has been achieved for soft X-ray pulses. The lasing evolution along the undulator has been studied with the electron trapping being observed as the X-ray peak power approaches 100 GW.
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700 1 _ |a Ding, Y.
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700 1 _ |a Dolgashev, V. A.
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700 1 _ |a Frisch, J.
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700 1 _ |a Krejcik, P.
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700 1 _ |a Loos, H.
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700 1 _ |a Lutman, A.
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700 1 _ |a Maxwell, T. J.
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700 1 _ |a Turner, J.
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700 1 _ |a Wang, M.-H.
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700 1 _ |a Behrens, Christopher
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700 1 _ |a Huang, Z.
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700 1 _ |a Wang, J.
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700 1 _ |a Welch, J.
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700 1 _ |a Wu, J.
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773 _ _ |a 10.1038/ncomms4762
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