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@ARTICLE{Helml:206556,
      author       = {Helml, W. and Maier, A. R. and Schweinberger, W. and
                      Grguraš, I. and Radcliffe, P. and Doumy, G. and Roedig, C.
                      and Gagnon, J. and Messerschmidt, M. and Schorb, S. and
                      Bostedt, C. and Grüner, F. and DiMauro, L. F. and Cubaynes,
                      D. and Bozek, J. D. and Tschentscher, Thomas and Costello,
                      J. T. and Meyer, Michael and Coffee, R. and Duesterer,
                      Stefan and Cavalieri, A. L. and Kienberger, R.},
      title        = {{M}easuring the temporal structure of few-femtosecond
                      free-electron laser {X}-ray pulses directly in the time
                      domain},
      journal      = {Nature photonics},
      volume       = {8},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {1749-4893},
      address      = {London [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Nature Publ. Group},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2015-01020},
      pages        = {950 - 957},
      year         = {2014},
      note         = {(c) Macmillan Publishers Limited. Post referee full text in
                      progress. Embargo full text 6 months from 24 November 2014.},
      abstract     = {Short-wavelength free-electron lasers are now well
                      established as essential and unrivalled sources of
                      ultrabright coherent X-ray radiation. One of the key
                      characteristics of these intense X-ray pulses is their
                      expected few-femtosecond duration. No measurement has
                      succeeded so far in directly determining the temporal
                      structure or even the duration of these ultrashort pulses in
                      the few-femtosecond range. Here, by deploying the so-called
                      streaking spectroscopy technique at the Linac Coherent Light
                      Source, we demonstrate a non-invasive scheme for temporal
                      characterization of X-ray pulses with sub-femtosecond
                      resolution. This method is independent of photon energy,
                      decoupled from machine parameters, and provides an upper
                      bound on the X-ray pulse duration. We measured the duration
                      of the shortest X-ray pulses currently available to be on
                      average no longer than 4.4 fs. Analysing the pulse
                      substructure indicates a small percentage of the
                      free-electron laser pulses consisting of individual
                      high-intensity spikes to be on the order of hundreds of
                      attoseconds.},
      cin          = {Eur.XFEL},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-H253)Eur_XFEL-20120731$},
      pnm          = {XFEL In-house research / external facilities (POF2-54G17)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-H253)POF2-XFEL-in-house-20130405},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)External-20140101 /
                      EXP:(DE-H253)XFEL-SQS-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000345818600015},
      doi          = {10.1038/nphoton.2014.278},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/206556},
}