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@INPROCEEDINGS{Stipp:206278,
author = {Stipp, Michael and Schumann, Kai and Leiss, Bernd and
Ullemyer, Klaus},
title = {{C}auses and {C}onsequences of the great strength
variability among soft {N}ankai {A}ccretionary {P}rism
{S}ediments from offshore {SW}-{J}apan},
reportid = {PUBDB-2015-00783},
year = {2014},
abstract = {Geophysical Research AbstractsVol. 16, EGU2014-10666,
2014EGU General Assembly 2014© Author(s) 2014. CC
Attribution 3.0 License.Causes and consequences of the great
strength variability among softNankai accretionary prism
sediments from offshore SW-JapanMichael Stipp (1), Kai
Schumann (1), Bernd Leiss (2), and Klaus Ullemeyer (3)(1)
GEOMAR, Marine Geodynamics, Kiel, Germany (mstipp@geomar.de,
kaschumann@geomar.de), (2)Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum,
Universität Göttingen, Germany (bleiss1@gwdg.de), (3)
Institut für Geowissenschaften,Universität Kiel, Germany
(kullemeyer@geomar.de)The Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone
Experiment of the International Ocean Discovery Program
(IODP) isthe very first attempt to drill into the
seismogenic part of a subduction zone. Offshore SW-Japan the
oceanicPhilippine sea plate is subducted beneath the
continental Eurasian plate causing earthquakes of magnitude
8.0 to8.5 and related tsunamis with a recurrence rate of
80-100 years. For the tsunamigenic potential of the forearc
slopeand accreted sediments their mechanical strength,
composition and fabrics have been investigated. 19 drill
coresamples of IODP Expeditions 315, 316 and 333 were
experimentally deformed in a triaxial cell under
consolidatedand undrained conditions at confining pressures
of 400-1000 kPa, room temperature, axial shortening rates
of0.01-9.0 mm/min, and up to an axial strain $of64\%$ (Stipp
et al., 2013). With respect to the mechanical behavior,two
distinct sample groups could be distinguished. Weak samples
from the upper and middle forearc slope ofthe accretionary
prism show a deviatoric peak stress after only a few percent
strain (< $10\%)$ and a continuousstress decrease after a
maximum combined with a continuous increase in pore
pressure. Strong samples fromthe accretionary prism toe
display a constant residual stress at maximum level or even
a continuous stressincrease together with a decrease in pore
pressure towards high strain (Stipp et al., 2013).
Synchrotron textureand composition analysis of the
experimentally deformed and undeformed samples using the
Rietveld refinementprogram MAUD indicates an increasing
strength of the illite and kaolinite textures with
increasing depth downto 523 m below sea floor corresponding
to a preferred mineral alignment due to compaction.
Experimentallydeformed samples have generally stronger
textures than related undeformed core samples and they show
alsoincreasing strength of the illite and kaolinite textures
with increasing axial strain. Mechanically weak samples
havea bulk clay plus calcite content of 31-65 $vol.-\%$ and
most of their illite, kaolinite, smectite and calcite
[001]-polefigures have maxima >1.5 mrd. Strong samples which
were deformed to approximately the same amount of strain(up
to $40\%)$ have no calcite and a bulk clay content of 24-36
$vol.-\%.$ Illite, kaolinite and smectite [001]-pole
figuremaxima are mostly <1.5 mrd, except for one sample
which was deformed to a considerably higher strain
$(64\%).The$ higher clay and calcite content and the
stronger textures of the mechanically weak samples can be
related toa collapsing pore space of the originally
flocculated clay aggregates. This process is insignificant
in the strongsamples from the prism toe, for which
deformation would tend to involve large rock volumes and
lead to straindissipation. The weak samples from the forearc
slope which become even weaker with increasing strain
mayprovoke mechanical runaway situations allowing for
earthquake rupture, surface breakage and tsunami
generation.Stipp, M., Rolfs, M., Kitamura, Y., Behrmann,
J.H., Schumann, K., Schulte-Kortnack, D. and Feeser, V.2013.
G-Cubed 14/11, doi: 10.1002/ggge.20290.},
month = {Apr},
date = {2014-04-27},
organization = {European Geosciences Union General
Assembly 2014, Vienna (Austria), 27 Apr
2014 - 2 May 2014},
cin = {DOOR},
cid = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731},
pnm = {DORIS Beamline W2 (POF2-54G13)},
pid = {G:(DE-H253)POF2-W2-20130405},
experiment = {EXP:(DE-H253)D-W2-20150101},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
url = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/206278},
}