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@ARTICLE{Baerwald:191851,
      author       = {Baerwald, Philipp and Bustamante Ramirez, Mauricio and
                      Winter, Walter},
      title        = {{A}re gamma-ray bursts the sources of ultra-high energy
                      cosmic rays?},
      journal      = {Astroparticle physics},
      volume       = {62},
      issn         = {0927-6505},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2014-04039, DESY-14-135. arXiv:1401.1820},
      pages        = {66 - 91},
      year         = {2014},
      note         = {OA},
      abstract     = {We reconsider the possibility that gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)
                      are the sources of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays
                      (UHECRs) within the internal shock model, assuming a pure
                      proton composition of the UHECRs. For the first time, we
                      combine the information from gamma-rays, cosmic rays, prompt
                      neutrinos, and cosmogenic neutrinos quantitatively in a
                      joint cosmic ray production and propagation model, and we
                      show that the information on the cosmic energy budget can be
                      obtained as a consequence. In addition to the neutron model,
                      we consider alternative scenarios for the cosmic ray escape
                      from the GRBs, i.e., that cosmic rays can leak from the
                      sources. We find that the dip model, which describes the
                      ankle in UHECR observations by the pair production dip, is
                      strongly disfavored in combination with the internal shock
                      model because (a) unrealistically high baryonic loadings
                      (energy in protons versus energy in electrons/gamma-rays)
                      are needed for the individual GRBs and (b) the prompt
                      neutrino flux easily overshoots the corresponding neutrino
                      bound. On the other hand, GRBs may account for the UHECRs in
                      the ankle transition model if cosmic rays leak out from the
                      source at the highest energies. In that case, we demonstrate
                      that future neutrino observations can efficiently test most
                      of the parameter space – unless the baryonic loading is
                      much larger than previously anticipated.We reconsider the
                      possibility that gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the sources of
                      the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) within the
                      internal shock model, assuming a pure proton composition of
                      the UHECRs. For the first time, we combine the information
                      from gamma-rays, cosmic rays, prompt neutrinos, and
                      cosmogenic neutrinos quantitatively in a joint cosmic ray
                      production and propagation model, and we show that the
                      information on the cosmic energy budget can be obtained as a
                      consequence. In addition to the neutron model, we consider
                      alternative scenarios for the cosmic ray escape from the
                      GRBs, i.e., that cosmic rays can leak from the sources. We
                      find that the dip model, which describes the ankle in UHECR
                      observations by the pair production dip, is strongly
                      disfavored in combination with the internal shock model
                      because a) unrealistically high baryonic loadings (energy in
                      protons versus energy in electrons/gamma-rays) are needed
                      for the individual GRBs and b) the prompt neutrino flux
                      easily overshoots the corresponding neutrino bound. On the
                      other hand, GRBs may account for the UHECRs in the ankle
                      transition model if cosmic rays leak out from the source at
                      the highest energies. In that case, we demonstrate that
                      future neutrino observations can efficiently test most of
                      the parameter space -- unless the baryonic loading is much
                      larger than previously anticipated.},
      cin          = {$Z_THAT$},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-H253)Z_THAT-20210408$},
      pnm          = {523 - High-energy gamma ray astronomy (POF2-523) /
                      INVISIBLES - INVISIBLES (289442)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-523 / G:(EU-Grant)289442},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)29 / PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      eprint       = {1401.1820},
      howpublished = {arXiv:1401.1820},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:1401.1820;\%\%$},
      UT           = {WOS:000346548200009},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.07.007},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/191851},
}