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@PHDTHESIS{Norrby:170973,
      author       = {Norrby, Niklas},
      title        = {{M}icrostructural evolution of {T}i{A}l{N} hard coatingsat
                      elevated pressures and temperatures},
      school       = {Linköping University, Sweden},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Linköping},
      publisher    = {Linköping University - Tryck},
      reportid     = {DESY-2014-03100},
      isbn         = {978-91-7519-372-4},
      series       = {Linköping Studies in Science and Technology Dissertation
                      No. 1583},
      year         = {2014},
      note         = {Linköping University, Sweden, Diss., 2014},
      abstract     = {A typical hard coating on metal cutting inserts used in for
                      example turning,milling or drilling operations is TiAlN. At
                      elevated temperatures, TiAlNexhibits a well characterized
                      spinodal decomposition into coherent cubic TiNand AlN rich
                      domains, which is followed by a transformation from cubic
                      tohexagonal AlN. Using in-situ synchrotron x-ray radiation,
                      the kinetics of thesecond transformation was investigated in
                      this thesis and the strongtemperature dependence on the
                      transformation rate indicated a diffusionbased nucleation
                      and growth mechanism. The results gave additionalinformation
                      regarding activation energy of the transformation and the
                      criticalwavelength of the cubic domains at the onset of
                      hexagonal AlN. Afternucleation and growth, the hexagonal
                      domains showed a striking resemblancewith the preexisting
                      cubic AlN microstructure.During metal cutting, the tool
                      protecting coating is subjected totemperatures of ~900 ºC
                      and pressure levels in the GPa range. The results inthis
                      thesis have shown a twofold effect of the pressure on the
                      decompositionsteps. Firstly, the spinodal decomposition was
                      promoted by the appliedpressure during metal cutting which
                      was shown by comparisons with annealedsamples at similar
                      temperatures. Secondly, the detrimental transformationfrom
                      cubic to hexagonal AlN was shown to be suppressed at
                      elevatedhydrostatic pressures. A theoretical
                      pressure/temperature phase diagram,validated with
                      experimental results, also showed suppression of
                      hexagonalAlN by an increased temperature at elevated
                      pressures.The spinodal decomposition during annealing and
                      metal cutting was inthis work also shown to be strongly
                      affected by the elastic anisotropy ofTiAlN, where the phase
                      separation was aligned along the elastically softer<100>
                      directions in the crystal. The presence of the
                      anisotropicmicrostructure enhanced the mechanical properties
                      compared to the isotropiccase, mainly due to a shorter
                      distance between the c-AlN and c-TiN domainsin the
                      anisotropic case. Further improvement of the metal cutting
                      behaviorwas realized by depositing individual layers with an
                      alternating bias. Theindividual bias layers exhibited
                      microstructural differences with differentresidual stress
                      states. The results of the metal cutting tests showed
                      anenhanced wear resistance in terms of both crater and flank
                      wear compared tocoatings deposited with a fixed bias.},
      keywords     = {Dissertation (GND)},
      cin          = {DOOR},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731},
      pnm          = {PETRA Beamline P07 (POF2-54G14)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-H253)POF2-P07-20130405},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P07-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/170973},
}