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@ARTICLE{Wunderlich:632236,
      author       = {Wunderlich, Sophie and Hampel, Sven and Ferreira Sanchez,
                      Dario and Schirmer, Thomas and Fittschen, Ursula},
      title        = {{A} microfocus study on basic-oxygen-furnace slag thin
                      sections to understand the principles of vanadium
                      incorporation},
      journal      = {Journal of synchrotron radiation},
      volume       = {32},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {0909-0495},
      address      = {Chester},
      publisher    = {IUCr},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-02162},
      pages        = {986 - 993},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Vanadium in basic-oxygen-furnace (BOF) slags is
                      particularly interestingregarding the recovery of this
                      element, which has been further strengthened byits inclusion
                      in the list of critical raw materials by the European Union
                      in 2017.As BOF slags can have a significant vanadium
                      content, they continue to be apromising secondary vanadium
                      source. Therefore, the binding mechanisms ofvanadium in the
                      respective slag minerals must be fundamentally understood
                      toadapt a recovery process, which enables a sufficient yield
                      and is environmentallyfriendly and resource-saving. This
                      study presents a synchrotron chemical-imaging investigation
                      based on a combined micro X-ray fluorescence, microX-ray
                      diffraction and micro X-ray absorption near-edge structure
                      analysis,enabling new insights into vanadium incorporation
                      in BOF slags. In contrast tothe previously assumed
                      incorporation of vanadium directly into the
                      calciumsilicates, it was shown that vanadium accumulates in
                      their boundary regions astetrahedral V5+ in a structure
                      deviating from calcium silicates. This structure ismost
                      likely a poorly crystalline residuum consisting mainly of
                      calcium, siliconand vanadium (and oxygen) but shows no
                      evidence of a glass phase. Addi-tionally, vanadium occurs as
                      octahedral V4+ in calcium ferrites and as tetra-hedral V5+
                      in very small quantities directly in the calcium silicates.
                      Thesignificant enrichment of vanadium in the boundary
                      regions of calcium silicatestogether with the high
                      oxidations states, resulting in high mobility, can
                      beregarded as advantageous for future recycling strategies},
      cin          = {FS-PETRA},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)FS-PETRA-20140814},
      pnm          = {632 - Materials – Quantum, Complex and Functional
                      Materials (POF4-632) / DFG project G:(GEPRIS)470367641 -
                      Entstehung kritischer Verbindungen in Recycling Schlacken -
                      eine Studie der Chemie der Schmelze mit MD Simulation und
                      der festen Produkte in einem mikropraeparativen Ansatz
                      (470367641)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-632 / G:(GEPRIS)470367641},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)External-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40478666},
      doi          = {10.1107/S1600577525003868},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/632236},
}