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@ARTICLE{Weber:292359,
      author       = {Weber, Christian and Reichenauer, Gudrun and Pflaum, Jens},
      title        = {{E}lectroless {P}reparation and {ASAXS} {M}icrostructural
                      {A}nalysis of {P}seudocapacitive {C}arbon {M}anganese
                      {O}xide {S}upercapacitor {E}lectrodes},
      journal      = {Langmuir},
      volume       = {31},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {0743-7463},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {ACS Publ.},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2015-06046},
      pages        = {782 - 788},
      year         = {2015},
      note         = {(c) American Chemical Society. Post referee full text in
                      progress.},
      abstract     = {Anomalous small angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) has been
                      utilized as a noninvasive, integral tool to access the
                      structural properties of carbon xerogel–manganese oxide
                      electrodes with nanometer resolution. As these electrodes
                      constitute the elementary functional units in
                      supercapacitors and as their microstructure governs the
                      macroscopic electrical performance, it is essential to gain
                      a detailed morphological understanding of the underlying
                      carbon particle scaffold coated with manganese oxide. We
                      demonstrate that, in this regard, ASAXS provides a powerful
                      technique and in combination with a theoretical core–shell
                      model enables a quantitative estimation of the relevant
                      structural parameters. As a result, we determined the
                      thicknesses of the solution deposited MnO$_{2}$ shells to
                      range between 3 and 26 nm depending on the carbon particle
                      size and thus on their effective surface area. By our
                      core–shell modeling we conclude the revealed manganese
                      oxide coatings on the carbon support to be rather thick, but
                      nevertheless to show a high uniformity in thickness. At 1.8
                      ± 0.2 to 2.2 ± 0.1 g/cm$^{3}$ the related effective
                      MnO$_{2}$ densities of the shells are about 30\% lower than
                      the corresponding bulk density of 3.0 g/cm$^{3}$. This
                      mainly originates from a substructure within the shell,
                      whose growth is controlled by a pronounced reduction of the
                      manganese precursor during layer formation. Finally, the
                      presented ASAXS data are complemented by SEM and N$_{2}$
                      sorption measurements, proving not only qualitatively the
                      proposed flake-like MnO$_{2}$ surface morphology but also
                      confirming quantitatively the manganese shell thickness,
                      complementary, on a local scale.},
      cin          = {DOOR},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF3-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-899},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)D-B1-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000348333700016},
      pubmed       = {pmid:25453192},
      doi          = {10.1021/la5027762},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/292359},
}