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@ARTICLE{Blanke:276730,
      author       = {Blanke, Alexander and Büsse, Sebastian and Machida,
                      Ryuichiro},
      title        = {{C}oding characters from different life stages for
                      phylogenetic reconstruction: a case study on dragonfly
                      adults and larvae, including a description of the larval
                      head anatomy of {E}piophlebia superstes ({O}donata:
                      {E}piophlebiidae)},
      journal      = {Zoological journal of the Linnean Society},
      volume       = {174},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {0024-4082},
      address      = {Oxford [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2015-04793},
      pages        = {718 - 732},
      year         = {2015},
      note         = {(c) The Linnean Society of London. Post referee full text
                      in progress. Embargo for post referee full text 1 year from
                      27 MAR 2015.},
      abstract     = {The exclusive use of characters coding for specific life
                      stages may bias tree reconstruction. If characters from
                      severallife stages are coded, the type of coding becomes
                      important. Here, we simulate the influence on tree
                      reconstructionof morphological characters of Odonata larvae
                      incorporated into a data matrix based on the adult body
                      underdifferent coding schemes. For testing purposes, our
                      analysis is focused on a well-supported hypothesis: the
                      relationshipsof the suborders Zygoptera,
                      ‘Anisozygoptera’, and Anisoptera. We studied the
                      cephalic morphology ofEpiophlebia, a key taxon among
                      Odonata, and compared it with representatives of Zygoptera
                      and Anisoptera inorder to complement the data matrix.
                      Odonate larvae are characterized by a peculiar morphology,
                      such as thespecific head form, mouthpart configuration,
                      ridge configuration, cephalic musculature, and leg and gill
                      morphology.Four coding strategies were used to incorporate
                      the larval data: artificial coding (AC), treating larvae as
                      independentterminal taxa; non-multistate coding (NMC),
                      preferring the adult life stage; multistate coding (MC);and
                      coding larval and adult characters separately (SC) within
                      the same taxon. As expected, larvae are ‘monophyletic’in
                      the AC strategy, but with anisopteran and zygopteran larvae
                      as sister groups. Excluding larvae in the NMCapproach leads
                      to strong support for both monophyletic Odonata and
                      Epiprocta, whereas MC erodes phylogeneticsignal completely.
                      This is an obvious result of the larval morphology leading
                      to many multistate characters. SCresults in the strongest
                      support for Odonata, and Epiprocta receives the same support
                      as with NMC. Our resultsshow the deleterious effects of
                      larval morphology on tree reconstruction when multistate
                      coding is applied. Codinglarval characters separately is
                      still the best approach in a phylogenetic framework.},
      cin          = {DOOR},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731},
      pnm          = {6G3 - PETRA III (POF3-622) / FS-Proposal: I-20090102
                      (I-20090102)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G3 / G:(DE-H253)I-20090102},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P05-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000358376200004},
      doi          = {10.1111/zoj.12258},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/276730},
}