%0 Journal Article
%A Blanke, Alexander
%A Büsse, Sebastian
%A Machida, Ryuichiro
%T Coding characters from different life stages for phylogenetic reconstruction: a case study on dragonfly adults and larvae, including a description of the larval head anatomy of Epiophlebia superstes (Odonata: Epiophlebiidae)
%J Zoological journal of the Linnean Society
%V 174
%N 4
%@ 0024-4082
%C Oxford [u.a.]
%I Wiley-Blackwell
%M PUBDB-2015-04793
%P 718 - 732
%D 2015
%Z (c) The Linnean Society of London. Post referee full text in progress. Embargo for post referee full text 1 year from 27 MAR 2015.
%X The exclusive use of characters coding for specific life stages may bias tree reconstruction. If characters from severallife stages are coded, the type of coding becomes important. Here, we simulate the influence on tree reconstructionof morphological characters of Odonata larvae incorporated into a data matrix based on the adult body underdifferent coding schemes. For testing purposes, our analysis is focused on a well-supported hypothesis: the relationshipsof the suborders Zygoptera, ‘Anisozygoptera’, and Anisoptera. We studied the cephalic morphology ofEpiophlebia, a key taxon among Odonata, and compared it with representatives of Zygoptera and Anisoptera inorder to complement the data matrix. Odonate larvae are characterized by a peculiar morphology, such as thespecific head form, mouthpart configuration, ridge configuration, cephalic musculature, and leg and gill morphology.Four coding strategies were used to incorporate the larval data: artificial coding (AC), treating larvae as independentterminal taxa; non-multistate coding (NMC), preferring the adult life stage; multistate coding (MC);and coding larval and adult characters separately (SC) within the same taxon. As expected, larvae are ‘monophyletic’in the AC strategy, but with anisopteran and zygopteran larvae as sister groups. Excluding larvae in the NMCapproach leads to strong support for both monophyletic Odonata and Epiprocta, whereas MC erodes phylogeneticsignal completely. This is an obvious result of the larval morphology leading to many multistate characters. SCresults in the strongest support for Odonata, and Epiprocta receives the same support as with NMC. Our resultsshow the deleterious effects of larval morphology on tree reconstruction when multistate coding is applied. Codinglarval characters separately is still the best approach in a phylogenetic framework.
%F PUB:(DE-HGF)16
%9 Journal Article
%U <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000358376200004
%R 10.1111/zoj.12258
%U https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/276730