Books

This compact open access reference delves beyond popular concepts of educated consumers and an informed public by examining the science behind deliberative engagement. Using data from four longitudinal studies, the authors assess public engagement methods in deliberative discussions of ethical, legal, and social issues concerning innovations in nanotechnology. [...]

The topic of this thesis is a new approach to solve the DGLAP evolution equation to obtain not only the collinear Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) but also the Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) PDFs (TMDs). The DGLAP equation is solved with the Parton Branching (PB) method, which allows a determination of kinematic variables at every branching and a construction of the TMDs in a large range in longitudinal momentum fraction $x$ and evolution scale $\mu^2$. [...]

This thesis presents the study of the time development of hadronic showers in a highly granular hadron calorimeter using data collected by the CALICE Analog Hadron Calorimeter (AHCAL) technological prototype at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN in July 2015 in μ−, e− and hadron beams up to 90 GeV.Highly granular calorimeters are designed for the concept of Particle Flow Algorithm which aims to mea- sure each individual particle in a jet using the best sub-detector measurement. The Particle Flow approach is a key aspect of the detectors for the International Linear Collider (ILC) which is a future linear lepton collider designed for precision physics studies at a center of mass energy up to 500 GeV.The CALICE Collaboration is developing highly granular calorimeters for future colliders. [...]

This book describes the application of a novel technology for beam instrumentation and luminosity measurement and first results on a cutting edge technology potentially to be used after the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider to higher luminosity. It presents a unique diamond-based luminometer with a detailed performance study. [...]

Recent studies show that scar-free surgery is possible with picosecondlaser pulses tuned to the strong absorption band of water in the Mid-IR. Away to generate these pulses is with an optical parametric amplifier (OPA)pumped by a picosecond infrared laser (PIRL). [...]

Magnetic bunch compression is used to produce the high-brightnesselectron bunches needed for the operation of a free-electron laser.A longitudinal energy chirp -- imprinted on the bunch via off-crestacceleration -- results in the compression of the bunch in a subsequentdispersive section of the accelerator in form of a magnetic chicane.Such a setup sets the stage for the self-interaction of charge-densityinhomogeneities via the space-charge fields they generate within the bunch.This can potentially lead to an enhancement of initially present charge-densitymodulations; an effect known as microbunching amplification.Numerical simulation of this dynamics is encumbered by the fact thatphase-space densities of electron bunches encountered at free-electron laserstypically exhibit an ``exotic'' structure, as they form a thin, hair-like bandmeandering through phase-space.In this thesis, a Vlasov-simulation approach based on tree domain-decompositionis presented, that allows for the efficient simulation of these phase-spacedensities despite their exoticness.Further, a beam-dynamics model is presented, which most notably enables thetime-discrete treatment of collective space-charge effects in drift regions ofthe accelerator.Based on this model an arbitrary-order perturbation theory for themicrobunching gain in a bunch-compressor is conceived and applied to the caseof a long bunch with monochromatic density modulation.Finally, the results from theory and simulation are compared as part of thebenchmarking of the simulation code..

This work presents measurements of the normalized and absolute differential top-quark pair ($t\bar{t}$) production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data were collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2016 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. [...]

The European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is currently under construction at theDeutsches ElektronenSynchrotron in Hamburg, Germany. This linear accelerator, with a length of 3.4 km,will generate extremely intense and short X-ray laser light pulses with a duration in the femtosecondrange and wavelengths down to 0.05 nm. [...]

Non-perturbative aspects of N = 2 supersymmetric field theories of class S are deeply encoded in the algebra of functions on moduli spaces M-flat of flat SL(N)-connections on Riemann surfaces. Expectation values of Wilson and ’t Hooft supersymmetric line operators are related to holonomies of flat connections, while expectation values of line operators in the low energy effective theory are related to Fock-Goncharov coordinates on M-flat. [...]

The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a proposed linear electron positron collider with a center-of-mass energy of 250 GeV in its first stage. After the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in 2012, the physics goals of the ILC include the measurements of the Higgs boson properties and its interactions, but also measurements of the top quark and searches beyond the Standard Model are part of the ILC program in the different ILC stages. [...]